Enhanced Performance of MIMO Antennas through Adaptive Beamforming Techniques: AddressingLimitations in Current Designs for 5G andBeyond Applications

Abstract

The global shift toward 5G and 6G wireless technology has led to an unending appetite for high-capacity, interference-resistant antenna systems. This research presents a real-time adaptive beam-forming MIMO system architecture that describes 12.5 dBi peak gain, −17.8 dB return loss, and 10 μs beam switch latency under dynamic channel conditions. With beam formation and switching latency, these metrics are an improvement over classically fixed beam systems. The above systems are enhanced with an AI-based controller that optimizes in real time the phase and amplitude weights of a texture-mapped eight-element antenna array. The antenna array performs with directional radiation, interference suppression, spectral reuse, and filtering of multiple physically separated signals in the same frequency band. Performance of the system is predicted and verified in CST Microwave Studio and MATLAB, corroborated with experimental data, which illustrates the system’s practicality. The adaptive framework showed significant improvement over static architectures for channel capacity, precision beam steering, and interference in flexible and dynamic mobility-faded user scenarios. This makes it a viable candidate for the infrastructure of next-generation wireless systems, including urban 5G networks, vehicular communication systems, and high-density IoT environments.